The branches are produced in regular "pseudo whorls", actually a very tight spiral but appearing like a ring of branches arising from the same point. The bark of most pines is thick and scaly, but some species have thin, flaky bark. These "candles" offer foresters a means to evaluate fertility of the soil and vigour of the trees.
The new spring shoots are sometimes called "candles" they are covered in brown or whitish bud scales and point upward at first, then later turn green and spread outward. The spiral growth of branches, needles, and cones scales may be arranged in Fibonacci number ratios. It was discovered in a grove beneath Wheeler Peak and it is now known as " Prometheus" after the Greek immortal. An older tree, now cut down, was dated at 4,900 years old. This tree can be found in the White Mountains of California. One individual of this species, dubbed " Methuselah", is one of the world's oldest living organisms at around 4,800 years old. The longest-lived is the Great Basin bristlecone pine, Pinus longaeva. Pines are long lived and typically reach ages of 100–1,000 years, some even more. The smallest are Siberian dwarf pine and Potosi pinyon, and the tallest is an 81.8 m (268 ft) tall ponderosa pine located in southern Oregon's Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest. Pine trees are evergreen, coniferous resinous trees (or, rarely, shrubs) growing 3–80 metres (10–260 feet) tall, with the majority of species reaching 15–45 m (50–150 ft) tall. Illustration of needles, cones, and seeds of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris)
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